Artikel Sains Informasi Geografi

SCIENCE INFORMATION GEOGRAPHY AS MAIN INSTRUMENT FOR REDEFINING PROBLEM OF MAKING USE LAND METHOD AND ITS SOLVING IN KEDIRI CITY

Fatma Roisatin Nadhiroh

Email: fatmaroisatin@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:  The problem of making use land was changed over of making use land in Kediri caused by increasing settlement area and decreasing conservation area.  To solve the problem is needed of science information geography for processing spatial data as main data in the making use land method planning in Kediri and then for transform structure and make use of space which different with planed of Detail Method of Urban Space Planning previously [x1] .

Key word: science information geography, making use land method, land use unconformity.

Development is series which implemented based on systematic and holistic planning was striving hard for better condition in the future. (Susilo, 2013) To reach better condition in the future is needed development planning that appropriate with every characteristic of region. Cause, a region has different physical characteristic and social characteristic with each other. Different problem which appear in a region will needed different solution.

Now, crisis of urban planning be problem in the many town. That is influence by rare professional staf in making use urban and region until products which produce in various places have under standart of quality. Beside that, overlapping many kind of region planning that similar by different agency, until confuses the organizer. (Eko, Sudanti, 1993)

Structuring space is the important thing that necessary attentioned in expand a region. Implementation structuring space of a region, base on made such as fulfill structure space planning that was decisioned with distinct structuring space regulation. Altough, possibility to became deviation between facts of actual structuring space with structure space planning.

Because of that needed evaluation structuring space a region to know how large deviation with the result carried out better structuring space. (Rivi, Suharyadi, 2013)

 Kediri City is otonomy region that arrange administration by itself and sparrated with Kediri regency since 1999 based certainty law number 22 year 1999 about Region Administration. For respon many various issues and challenge of development in the otonomy region era, then existence of perspectives implementation structuring space ( settings, foundings, realizations and supervision of structuring space) very important. Those are needed for decreasing unconformity of making use land in order to appropriate with making use planning in the Detail Method of Urban Space Planning (Rencana Detail Tata Ruang Kota/RDTRK) which was arranged. (Anggita, 2012)

However, unconformity of making use land beome problem which still not yet finished. Because, there are lacking in coordination between government and society, less of expert and lacking of implementation geography most important science information geography those are cartography, remote sensing and geographic information system for processing spatial data as resource in the act of determining and making use land planning implementation. Because of that is needed application of science information geography in the making use land exactly and decreasing unconformity used land in Kediri City.

Making Use Land Method

The problem which possible appears in the land planning is problem of land conformity toward the allotment of the land use. That important in the making use land planning are locations planning proposal and allocations purpouse.

Judgment in the making use land planning, there are:

1. Purpouse identification, principles and standart registration for uses land (communal housing, trade, industry, education, etc).

2. Identification characteristic and pattern of city development.

3. Look region which not grow yet and region that influence for development in the future.

4. Unite analysis and result from parts previously ----proposal for use land planning compactly and comprehensive.

5. Identification and analysis tools for realize planning proposal. (Adi,2012)           Making use land is influenced by physiographic condition or kind of soil. So, in the planning must pay attention soil condirion for exact making use land. Beside that, must pay attention benefit and effect from social aspect, economy and environtment.

Cartography and Remote Sensing 

Remote sensing technique give representative information with shorter time, cheap cost relatively and put out side smaller power, so can minimazing tapping data from reality. (Sutanto, 1986).

Remote sensing and cartography are one of technique in the geography. Altough, those techniques grow become discipline in the geography. Its transtision become new discipline are characterized by distict marks, those are porpose both of them have methodology, technique and orientation intellectual which its development follow development of science curve. (Jensen dan Dahlberg 1986 dalam Sutanto,1986)

Cartography and remote sensing as part of science information geography is used for processing and give information spatial data, so facilitate for decide making use land policy.

Used of Geographic Information System (GIS)

Geographic information system is used to make easier in the obtain data that processed and saved as atribute a location or object. Data which processed in the GIS base contains of spatial data and atribute data in digital data. This system is correlation between spatial data (geographic location) with non spatial data, so the user can make map and analys its information with many ways. Geographic information system is manstay tool to handle spatial data, data in the GIS is protected in the digital type that data more solid than in the map printing, table or other conventional types which will accelerate work and alleviate cost that needed. (Barus dan Wiradisastra, 2000 dalam As Syakur 2007).

Geographic information system application can used for many interest during the data which processed have geographic reference, it is mean that data consist of phenomenon or object which can be set out in the physic pattern and have spatial location. (Indrawati, 2002).

Main purpouse of used GIS is making easier to get in formation that processed and saved as attribute a location or object. Main characteristic data which used in the GIS is data that organized with the location and as unspecific base data. (Dulbahri, 1993).

Those are many base reasons why use (Anon 2003, dalam As Syakur 2007):

1.      GIS use integration spatial data and attribute.

2.      GIS can use as interactive support tool which interesting in the increasing comprehension about location concept, spatial, inhabitantand geographic unsures on the Earth.  

3.      GIS can separate between presentation pattern and principle data.

4.      GIS have ability to analyze unsures on the Earth to many layers or coverage spatial data.

5.      GIS have good ability in the visuaitation spatial data and its attribute.

6.       All GIS operation can carried out interactively.

7.      GIS easier to procuse thematic maps.

8.      All GIS operation cans costumized with use commands in the script language.

9.      GIS software has facility to communication with other software.

10.  GIS aid work in the spatial scope and information geography.

Main tool to handle sptial data is GIS. Geographic information system is designed for receive spatial data in the big amount from various resources and its intregate become an information, one of kind is remote sensing data. Remote sensing has ability to procuse spatial data that its geometry arranges close the fact quickly and in the big amount. Barus dan Wiradisastra (2000) said that GIS will give plus value in ability of remote sensing in the produce big spatial data where use remote sensing data suspended at handling way and processing data which will changing become useful information.

Kediri City

Kediri City consist of 3 subdistricts those are Mojoroto, Kota and Pesantren has wide 63,40 km² with population of inhabitant 240.979 people and 46 villages. The largerst subdistrictt is Mojoroto (24,6 km²) and the smallest subdistrisct is Kota (14,9 km²).

Wide region of Kediri City

No.	Subdistrict	Wide (Km2)
1.	Mojoroto	24,60
2.	Kota	14,90
3.	Pesantren	23,90
Sum		63,40

Resource: Central Bureau of Statistics Kediri City, 2003

Geographic region of Kediri City has wide 63,40 km² with administration boundary as follows:

·         Notrh region boundary: Gampengrejo Subdistrict and Grogol

·         East region boundary: Gurah Subdistrict and Wates

·         South region boundary: Ngadiluwih Subdistrict dan Kandat

·         West region boundary: Semen Subdistrict dan Grogol

Region of Kediri City have altitude between 63-472 meters on surface of the sea water. Kediri City is majority (80,17%)  have altitude 63-100 meters on surface of the sea water which location in all along site of Brantas river. All district of Kediri citiy has boundary with subdistricts that included Kediri Residence’s administration, north boundary, east, south and west with region condition plain relatively, although in west share is boundaried by Mount Klotok (Klotok Hill) with altitude 672 meters and Mount Maskumambang with altitude 300 meters.

Geologic condition of Kediri City is explained as follows:

a. Alluvium: almost 77,49% (4.921 Ha) district Kediri City formed of  Kedirian main alluvium.

b. Young Quertenery Volcanic Product: exist in the east of Kediri City with wide 1.127 Ha (17.78%), this district is fertile agricultur soil because come from young volcanic (Gunung Kelud).

c. Undefferentiated Vulcanic Product: this Kedirian group exist in the west of Kediri City which location at hilly area that has wide 300 Ha (4,73%).

Land use in Kediri City majority is part of constructed land (for housing activity, trade, service and industry) with wide area 2.700,07 Ha (44%).

Inhabitant

Population and development of inhabitant

The population in Kediri City in 2003 has 240.979 people, increase 816 people from 2002. Inhabitant development of Kediri City in 2003 is compared in 2002 as much as 0,34% with development of man is bigger than woman, that are 0,37% for man population and 0,37% for women population. Population development in 2002-2003 periode relatively smaller is compared with relatively 2001-2002 periode that until 0,40%.

The amount population in Kediri City base gender and wide area in 2003

No.	Subdistrict	Amount population of Kediri City						Sum
		Naturalized Indonesian Citizen			Citizen of Foreign Country
		M	W	M+W	M	W	M+W	M+W
1.	Mojoroto	43.162	42.984	86.146	2	4	6	86.152
2.	Kota	40.900	44.625	85.525	84	121	205	85.730
3.	Pesantren	34.190	34.872	69.062	14	21	35	69.097
Sum		118.252	122.481	240.733	100	146	246	240.979
2001		117.816	122.101	239.917	100	146	246	240.163
2002		117.333	121.622	238.955	100	146	246	239.201

Resource: Central Bureau of Statistics Kediri City, 2003

The Spread and density of population

Kediri City’s populated level in 2003 up to Tingkat 3.801 people/km², higher than in 2001 (3.788 jiwa/km²) and 2002 (3.773 jiwa/km²). Kota Subdistrict has higher populated level compared with two others subdistrict, that is up to 5.754 people/km².

Kediri City’s population in 2003 base wide district, household quantity and populated level

No.	Subdistrict	Population	Village	Mean of population per village	Wide (Km2)	Populated level
1.	Mojoroto	86.152	14	6.154	24,6	3.502
2.	Kota	85.730	17	5.043	14,9	5.754
3.	Pesantren	69.097	15	4.606	23,9	2.891
Sum		240.979	46	5.239	63,40	3.801
2002		240.163	46	5.221	63,40	3.788
2001		239.201	46	5.200	63,40	3.773

Resource: Central Bureau of Statistics Kediri City, 2003

Subdistrict that has highest populated level is Kota Subdistrict (5.754 people/km²), but the lowest populated level is Pesantren Subdistrict (2.891 people/km²). (PT.Artama Interkonsultindo, 2007)

The Use of land in Kediri

Based of data in the Detail Method of Urban Space Planning (RDRTK), is known that land use in Kediri which allocated for agriculture or dry (not irrigated) field is 2.244,64 Ha (35,40%). Land use for housing area is 922,50 Ha (14,55%), trade and service 63,69 Ha (2,35%), and industry and warehousing 341,00 Ha (5,38%) with all amount 1327,19 Ha (22,28%), whereas in lan use existing in 2009, the land which used to agriculture or dry (not irrigated) field  become 3724,61 Ha (58,74%), housing 1642,06 Ha (25,89%), trade and service 148,95 Ha (148,95%), and industry and warehousing 176,59 Ha (2,79%). That is indicate changing land use in Kediri City, so needed evaluation land use in Kediri City main in 2003-2013.

The different of use land in Kediri City are located at axistence of opened green space non green in the use land existing in 2009 and without use land planning in the RDTRK in 2003-2013.

There are deviation or unconformity land use with wide 3569,9 Ha or percentage rate 56,3%  from all wide of Kediri City. High deviaton rate that show not conform yet or consistency (conform rate) land use of urban region in Kediri City when based by RDTRK in 2003-2013 and existing in 2009. Because of that, is needed revision of making use space there is unconformity which compose structur and make use of different space that was planed previously in the RDTRK.

Especially in Kediri City, change of use land was increases of settlement area and decreases of agriculture and conservation area.

Rising wide of agriculture area especially for wet rice field or dry field is rare phenomenon in urban area, but this phenomenon take place in Kediri City. The new law of otonomy which separate Kediri City administration with Kediri Residence cause Kediri City must develop by itself. Kediri Residence is region which put considered superior agriculture sector because its majority region is agriculture area. Base it background, Kediri City will expand agriculture area by itself which from the beginning traded Kediri Residence.

Base field survied and digitazed of map and researched result, that uncormity land use in Kediri City especially in BWK (Part region of city) B has regulated nicely dissemination pattern. This matter can showed with instead function of settlement area become trade and service area which have linier pattern in all along Dhoho Street, Kota Subdistrict, Kediri City. Aglomeration of trade and service area caused strategic location. Strategic location is aglomeration trade and service area in the center of Kediri City, that is Dhoho Street, Kota Subdistrict, Kediri City at BWK B.

Aglomeration is happened (grouping or centralization facilities in the center area) trade and service because the dissemination trade and service not divide evenly. When trade and service area not divide evenly, so development every BWK will different each other and make disparity of development. Disparity of development it is mean imbalance between areas which was developed (trade and service area) with not develop yet area. Imbalance happen in BWK A and C which not central area of trade and service like as BWK B. That causes trouble in fulfill the society requirement in the BWK A and C because accesbility factor. Generally, each BWK region has different development and economy.  The way for overcome it problem with develop trade and service area in BWK which not development yet. In the BWK A started was developed in all along Bandar Kidul, Bandar Lor, Sukorame, Ngampel, and Mrican Village which linier pattern, and in BWK C there is little part of Pesantren Village only.

Unconformity is caused by many factors, those are:

a. District Government’s Opinion

1) Not optimal yet coordination between interrelated departments as well as between governments with society about making use land in Kediri City.

2) Interest of a 3^th side or private interpreneur (investor/developer) or land user which contradiction with use land.

3) Maintenance of law which unesplicit and not consist yet and weak controlling for Kediri‘s RDTRK.

4) Lack of socialitation, information and knowledge about making use land from government to society.

5) Unconsist in the realize RTRW (making use space region planning) and RDTRK.

b. Society Fugure’s Opinion

1) Without socialitation from government about making use space and IMB (Building Construction Lisence) and important of understanding and knowledge about that. In fact are showed many people have not IMB especially in village area like Ngronggo, Rejomulyo, Blabak, Manisrenggo Village, and other. There are people who know about IMB but have not because expensive for cost to processing from government.

2) There are not inisiative yet and distinct act from government about unconformity making use land. There are building big mall like Ramayana Mall (Sudirman Square) which not have IMB before and present constructing. Then, it is caused social conflict (protest) by environtment care university students and developer.

3) Without coordination between government and society about making use space planning, so the society can’t participation in there, in fact people unknown with making use space planning.  Many people who unknown about making use space planning in their city (mainly rural society) especially abot planned, used and controlled. (Anggita, 2012)

            Use land which uncorformity cause many problem, for example decrease of agriculture area caused settlement building or housing so make problems of providing food, decrease of green land area which must decreace air pollution. Because of that is needed use o science information geography in the making use urban space planning to create conforms between making use land with pay attention social condition and city which environment concept.

Conclution

Land use urban area in Kediri City based RDTRK in 2003-2013 and 2009 not concist yet. There are deviation or unconformity land use with wide 3569,9 Ha or percentage rate 56,3%  from all wide of Kediri City.  

Many factors which cause unconformity of use land in Kediri City as follows: (a) Not optimal yet coordination between interrelated departments as well as between governments with society about making use land in Kediri City. (b) Interest of a 3^th side or private interpreneur (investor/developer) or land user which contradiction with use land. (c) Maintenance of law which unesplicit and not consist yet and weak controlling for Kediri‘s RDTRK. (d) Lack of socialitation, information and knowledge about making use land from government to society. (e) Unconsist in the realize RTRW (making use space region planning) and RDTRK.

To solve problems of making use land urban region in Kediri City need coordination mainly between Agency for Regional Development and National Planning Board to dicuss more intensive about analyze and judgment in the use land and maintain consistency of making use land in order to not effect in the social and invirontment.

Other way is made revition quickly about unconformity which happen in the making use land with involve all elements BKPRD (Agency for Regional Coordination Making Use Space) that can be filter and judgment in the arrange making use space planning before socialized to society.

Beside that in making use urban space is needed spatial data which valid in order to structuring space appropriate and efficient, because of that needed using science information geography and making use land method to processing spatial data and to solve about problems of  unconformity making use land, mainly problems of unconformity making use land in Kediri city.

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